
Αίτια
Many theories exist on the development of haemorrhoidal disease: according to one of them, haemorrhoids are similar to varicose veins (theory of vascular hyperplasia), while according to another one haemorrhoid onset is due to the fact that ano-rectal mucosa becomes redundant and slides down. Many factors contribute to the development of "pathological" haemorrhoidal cushions. The occurrence of these alterations may be facilitated by the following factors: * Family history; * Environmental factors: - Constipation; - Abnormal straining upon defecation; - Low-fibre diet; - Obesity; - Sedentary lifestyle; * Other factors: - Deterioration of the supporting connective tissue; - Pregnancy; - Related diseases. |
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Stages of the disease
Haemorrhoid classification is based on a clinical examination, which is extremely important to choose the most appropriate treatment.
Classification (Goligher scale)
Signs |
Degree |
Haemorrhoids may protrude during straining, but they are not prolapsed. They can be seen during proctoscopy. |
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The prolapse can be seen on the anal verge during straining, and it reduces spontaneously after defecation. |
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The prolapse can be manually reduced. |
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The prolapse cannot be reduced. |
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