Αίτια

Many theories exist on the development of haemorrhoidal disease: according to one of them, haemorrhoids are similar to varicose veins (theory of vascular hyperplasia), while according to another one haemorrhoid onset is due to the fact that ano-rectal mucosa becomes redundant and slides down. Many factors contribute to the development of "pathological" haemorrhoidal cushions.

The occurrence of these alterations may be facilitated by the following factors:

* Family history;

* Environmental factors:

- Constipation;

- Abnormal straining upon defecation;

- Low-fibre diet;

- Obesity;

- Sedentary lifestyle;

* Other factors:

- Deterioration of the supporting connective tissue;

- Pregnancy; - Related diseases.

Signs

Degree

Haemorrhoids may protrude during straining, but they are not prolapsed. They can be seen during proctoscopy.

1^st degree

The prolapse can be seen on the anal verge during straining, and it reduces spontaneously after defecation.

2^nd degree

The prolapse can be manually reduced.

3^rd degree

The prolapse cannot be reduced.

4^th degree